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In Mexican culture, it is now relatively common to include gay characters on Mexican sitcoms and soap operas (''telenovelas'') and to discuss homosexuality in talk shows. But representations of male homosexuals vary widely. They often include stereotypical versions of male effeminacy meant to provide comic relief as well as representations meant to increase social awareness and to generate greater acceptance of homosexuality. However, efforts to represent lesbians remain almost non-existent, which might be related to the more general invisibility of lesbian subcultures in Mexico.〔Herrick and Stuart, p. 145.〕 Until the prominence of such openly gay luminaries as singer-songwriter Juan Gabriel, artist Juan Soriano, and essayist Carlos Monsiváis, gay life was safely closeted and officially unmentionable in the mass media.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Gay and Lesbian Mexico City )〕 A Lesbian-Gay Cultural Week has been held annually since 1982 in Mexico City with the support of a cultural museum belonging to the prestigious National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) since 1987.〔Jiménez, De la Garza and Glockner, p. 14.〕 ==Cinema== Exaggeratedly effeminate men representations date as far back as 1938 in the Mexican film ''La casa del ogro'' ("''The Ogre's House''") and continued to appear solely for comedic relief.〔〔("El humor en el cine" ) (interview with Ricardo Guzmán Wolffer a Rafael Aviña) in ''La Jornada Semanal'', 19 February 2006, accessed 2 December 2007.〕 An example is the film ''Fin de la fiesta''〔(Fin de fiesta (1972) )〕 (1972), in which Doña Beatriz, the mother (played by Sara García), kills her gay son with sticks. The first sympathetic portrayal of a gay character awaited "''El lugar sin límites''" ("''The Place Without Limits''"), a 1978 drama directed by Arturo Ripstein and based on the novel by Chilean José Donoso.〔("El lugar sin límites" ), in ''Cine Club Cine Mexicano'', accessed 2 December 2007.〕 Played by Roberto Cobo, the character of ''La Manuela'' emerges as a tragic figure who is at once desired and victimized by the typically macho characters in a Mexican village.〔 A few years later, ''Doña Herlinda y su hijo'' ("''Doña Herlinda and Her Son''"; 1984)〔Fabián de la Cruz Polanco (2006): ("Los hijos homoeróticos de Jaime Humberto Hermosillo «salen del clóset» y se presentan en edición bibliográfica" ), in ''Filmweb'', 1 February 2006, accessed 2 December 2007.〕 featured the first same-sex couple in Mexican cinema, who struggled with family pressures to survive.〔 Films like ''Danzón'' (1991), by María Novaro; ''Miroslava'' (1993), by Alejandro Pelayo; ''El callejón de los milagros'' ("''The Alley of Miracles''"; 1995), by Jorge Fons; or ''Y tu mamá también'' ("''And Your Mother, Too''"; 2001), by Alfonso Cuarón, incorporate homoerotic subject matter as a secondary matter in their plots or in a hidden way.〔The technical specifications of these films can be found in (Cine Club Cine Mexicano ), a database specialized in Mexican cinema by the Institute of Technology and Higher Education de Monterrey.〕 By the 1990s and early 2000s, "''El callejón de los milagros''" and ''Y tu mamá también'' dealt with gay issues and were internationally successful. The 2004 film ''Temporada de patos'' ("''Season of Ducks''") featured a teenage boy who discovers his homosexuality.〔 Jaime Humberto Hermosillo, an openly gay film director, is known for his contributions to Mexican cinema. Hermosillo directed critically acclaimed films ''Mil nubes de paz cercan el cielo'' (''A Thousand Clouds of Peace''; 2003) and ''El cielo dividido'' (''Broken Sky''; 2006) allow viewers to observe relationships through the lens of gay desire.〔 None of the film's characters approached the homosexual stereotypes that appeared in Mexican film for decades.〔("Mil nubes de paz cercan el cielo, amor, jamás acabarás de ser amor )", interview with Julián Hernández, in ''Golem Producciones'', accessed 2 December 2007.〕 In 2006, the same director shot another film with gay characters, ''Broken Sky'', which chronicles the tensions in a young couple because of infidelity. In early 2006, Mexico's first-ever International Gay Film Festival took place in Mexico City and was attended by more than 5,000 movie-goers. According to its director, Alberto Legorreta, the event was born of a desire "to create spaces for dialogue, contemplation, and artistic criticism of gay subject matter in Mexico." 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「LGBT culture in Mexico」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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